The emission of pollutants from vehicles is generally low, but the number of vehicles on the road increases, so the environmental pollution also increases. About 35% of CO, 30% of HC and 25% of NOx produced in the atmosphere are from the transportation sector. These pollutants have adverse effects on the environment and human health. Greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles generally depend on the air-to-fuel ratio. Control techniques for exhaust emissions include engine modifications, fuel pretreatment, fuel additives, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), positive crankcase ventilation (PCV), and the use of catalytic converters. A catalytic converter is a device that converts more toxic exhaust gases into less toxic pollutants. There are different types of catalysts used in the purification of car exhaust gases, such as catalysts of noble metals and basic metals, etc. The catalytic converter was effective and compatible in reducing harmful exhaust gas emissions so that it can be used in trucks, buses, cars, motorcycles and other equipped constructions. This article will discuss various types of recent advances in catalysts for controlling vehicle exhaust pollution.