This study examines the impact of public administration on environmental challenges in Iran and Turkey. Given the increasing importance of environmental issues and the role of public administration in protecting natural resources, this study provides a comparative analysis of management approaches in the two countries. The results show that in Iran, serious challenges such as air pollution, water crisis, and habitat destruction have emerged due to ineffective policies and lack of coordination between government institutions. In contrast, Turkey has succeeded in improving its environmental situation by adopting proactive and preventive approaches, including the use of new technologies and promoting public awareness. This study also identifies solutions to improve public administration in the face of environmental challenges, including strengthening coordination between government institutions, increasing public awareness and community participation, and using new technologies. Finally, suggestions are made for future research on the impact of climate change and examining successful experiences in other countries.