This study provides an in-depth and comprehensive examination of the role of geography in Iranian primary education and evaluates its multidimensional effects on the development of spatial skills, environmental awareness, critical thinking, and the fostering of a sense of responsibility towards the environment in students. Geography, as an interdisciplinary science and a vital tool, plays a fundamental role in shaping students’ understanding of the world around them, including the environment, human societies, their mutual relationships, and the challenges facing humanity. By closely examining the curriculum content, teaching methods, and challenges in geography education in Iranian primary schools, this article seeks to provide practical and effective solutions to improve the quality of learning, increase student participation, and enhance their level of geographical knowledge. The research findings, presented in the form of tables, graphs, and statistical analyses, show that the use of modern technologies, active teaching methods, and participatory approaches play a significant role in increasing students' interest, deeper understanding, and better performance in geography lessons. Finally, this research provides practical and evidence-based recommendations for improving geography education in the Iranian education system.