The construction of dams, as key infrastructure projects for the development and management of water and energy resources, has always been associated with significant challenges in the field of environment and local communities. This article, with the aim of providing a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of environmental violations resulting from the construction of the Mandegan Dam, as a case study, examines this issue in detail. This research, by adopting an analytical-legal approach and utilizing qualitative research methods, identifies and analyzes the causes and factors affecting the occurrence of these violations, assesses the damage caused to the environment and local communities, and examines the criminal consequences resulting from these violations. In this regard, while reviewing national and international laws and regulations related to environmental protection and human rights, it examines the destruction of natural habitats and biodiversity, pollution of water resources, changes in the quality and quantity of groundwater, and negative impacts on local communities. The research method of this article is based on library studies, document review, and content analysis of relevant laws and regulations. The findings of this study emphasize the need to strengthen environmental monitoring, education and awareness, international cooperation, and the use of green and sustainable technologies in dam construction. (Hajibeigi et al., 1402) This research, relying on the theoretical foundations of environmental law and criminology, attempts to provide a coherent framework for a better understanding of environmental violations and to provide practical solutions to prevent them.