Abstract

Poetry is a mental event that is influenced by the issues surrounding the poet, and the poet's language is the language of the community. Persian-speaking poets have also reflected corners of their social space in each period, in accordance with the present. One of the new approaches to text analysis is social semiotics, which has an interdisciplinary function. One of the important theories in the discussion of social semiotics that examines the position and function of signs in society is the view of Pierre Giraud, which is classified into two main issues: identity and etiquette. Social semiotics is one of the critical approaches to rereading literary texts that seeks to examine and discover intratextual signs in order to reach their hidden conceptual layers and understand the meanings hidden in these signs. Semiotics, as a research method in recognizing connotations, examines and analyzes signs and understands the meanings hidden in them. In this respect, social phenomena do not find meaning on their own; rather, they are located within a network of meanings and have a cultural framework. The present study has attempted to examine social signs in Hossein Panahi's poems by relying on the semiotic method and the theory of Pierre Giraud. The findings of the study indicate that social semiotics is manifested in two categories of identity and etiquette and is reflected in various forms in the form of factors such as food, clothing, education and upbringing, division of inheritance, women's rights, women's status, dialect and popular culture, poverty, hypocrisy, manners and situations, tone of speech, etc. This in-depth study reflects the diversity of signs and Panahi's attention to the socio-cultural conditions of the environment that governs society. Also, factors such as class differences between the upper and lower classes in food and clothing, profession, cultural confrontation between individuals in society through the characters of the poems, attention to religious-belief aspects, reflection of social events and problems, and the use of place names, names, and titles are fundamental and diverse topics.