https://www.geo2.ir/ Environmental science and geography en daily 1 Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0330 Tue, 23 Sep 2025 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.geo2.ir/article_230191.html Masonry structures are widely used due to their lower costs compared to other building systems such as steel and concrete structures, especially in rural areas and developing cities. These structures have gained popularity due to their special features, such as speed of construction and the ability to use local materials. However, these types of structures are prone to failures that can harm their safety and durability. In this article, we will examine the types of failures common in masonry structures. Among the important failures that are examined are diagonal cracks around windows, roof failure, and problems caused by incorrect loading. Diagonal cracks are usually caused by structural instabilities and temperature changes, which can gradually lead to more serious damage. Also, roof failure may occur due to problems in the design or incorrect execution of the structure, which can lead to financial and human losses. In addition, this article examines the clauses related to the eighth topic of the National Building Regulations. This topic specifically addresses the design and implementation of masonry structures and specifies the necessary standards for reducing failures. By adhering to these standards, one can help improve the safety and performance of masonry structures and prevent failures. https://www.geo2.ir/article_230193.html In recent years, with significant advances in structural design software and increased knowledge of designers, the occurrence of structural failures in buildings has decreased significantly. However, the challenge of failure of enclosure walls, especially after earthquakes, is still widely observed. The Bam earthquakes in 2003, Sarpol-e-Zahab in 2017, and the Si Sakht earthquake in 2019 are clear examples of widespread failures of enclosure walls, which indicate weaknesses in the design and implementation of these structural elements. These failures are mainly caused by various factors such as inappropriate design, failure to comply with construction standards, use of substandard materials, and lack of attention to the geological characteristics of the region. In this article, the main causes of failure of enclosure walls will be examined and the relevant clauses in the existing guidelines will be analyzed. The clauses related to enclosure walls in national building codes and design standards are of particular importance, especially in the field of earthquake resistance. These clauses help designers to prevent failures by observing engineering principles. Also, this article will examine methods for improving and strengthening enclosure walls and their effect on reducing the vulnerability of structures to earthquakes. Finally, this research can be used as a guide for engineers and designers to improve the quality of construction and reduce the risks of earthquakes in enclosure walls. https://www.geo2.ir/article_253483.html The physical appearance of cities is the result of a set of interactions between humans, the urban environment, and the laws governing them. The degree of orderliness of the city's appearance varies depending on the power of monitoring and enforcing laws in cities, and consequently leaves certain functional and psychological effects on citizens. The purpose of the present study is to investigate and evaluate the impact of construction violations on the physical appearance of the city. Due to the different frequency of types of violations in the city, 14 types of violations committed in the city have been used to analyze the impact of violations on the physical appearance of the city. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and various statistical methods, including Kruskal-Wallis tests, have been used to analyze the data. The results of the study indicate that all types of construction violations have been effective in the heterogeneity of the city's appearance. https://www.geo2.ir/article_253484.html Abstract Poetry is a mental event that is influenced by the issues surrounding the poet, and the poet's language is the language of the community. Persian-speaking poets have also reflected corners of their social space in each period, in accordance with the present. One of the new approaches to text analysis is social semiotics, which has an interdisciplinary function. One of the important theories in the discussion of social semiotics that examines the position and function of signs in society is the view of Pierre Giraud, which is classified into two main issues: identity and etiquette. Social semiotics is one of the critical approaches to rereading literary texts that seeks to examine and discover intratextual signs in order to reach their hidden conceptual layers and understand the meanings hidden in these signs. Semiotics, as a research method in recognizing connotations, examines and analyzes signs and understands the meanings hidden in them. In this respect, social phenomena do not find meaning on their own; rather, they are located within a network of meanings and have a cultural framework. The present study has attempted to examine social signs in Hossein Panahi's poems by relying on the semiotic method and the theory of Pierre Giraud. The findings of the study indicate that social semiotics is manifested in two categories of identity and etiquette and is reflected in various forms in the form of factors such as food, clothing, education and upbringing, division of inheritance, women's rights, women's status, dialect and popular culture, poverty, hypocrisy, manners and situations, tone of speech, etc. This in-depth study reflects the diversity of signs and Panahi's attention to the socio-cultural conditions of the environment that governs society. Also, factors such as class differences between the upper and lower classes in food and clothing, profession, cultural confrontation between individuals in society through the characters of the poems, attention to religious-belief aspects, reflection of social events and problems, and the use of place names, names, and titles are fundamental and diverse topics. https://www.geo2.ir/article_253496.html تشخیص گیاهان دارویی به کمک هوش مصنوعی به یکی از پیشرفت‌های مهم در حوزه علوم گیاهان و کشاورزی تبدیل شده است. این فناوری با استفاده از الگوریتم‌های یادگیری ماشین و شبکه‌های عصبی، امکان شناسایی دقیق و سریع گیاهان دارویی را فراهم می‌کند. تحلیل تصاویر و داده‌های گیاهی به کمک هوش مصنوعی می‌تواند به شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی و خواص دارویی گیاهان کمک کند. اگرچه چالش‌هایی مانند نیاز به داده‌های بزرگ و مسائل حریم خصوصی وجود دارد، اما هوش مصنوعی با توسعه بیشتر می‌تواند نقش مهم‌تری در پژوهش‌های گیاهی و تولید داروهای جدید ایفا کند. این تکنولوژی به بهبود دقت، سرعت و کاهش هزینه‌های تشخیص گیاهان دارویی کمک می‌کند و می‌تواند به سلامت جامعه کمک شایانی نماید............ https://www.geo2.ir/article_232906.html In today's world, the environment has become one of the vital and fundamental issues of human societies. The process of its destruction continues at an alarming rate, and confronting this crisis requires the comprehensive mobilization of cultural, educational, and communication resources. The media, as one of the most effective means of mass communication, plays a key role in informing, educating, and raising public awareness of environmental issues. People's influence on the media shapes their behavior and attitudes toward the environment and can pave the way for sustainable development in societies. Environmental education, especially among children and adolescents, as future ambassadors of the environment, can institutionalize a culture of preserving and respecting nature through the media. This article, using a descriptive-analytical approach, examines the role of the media in protecting the environment and their impact on the behavior and general culture of society. In this regard, the views of experts, scientific sources, previous studies, and media experiences have been analyzed. Controlling environmental factors and reducing pollutants that threaten environmental health requires targeted education through the media. Mass media, with their ability to transmit, stabilize, change, and even control environmental attitudes and behaviors, can act as a cultural arm of sustainable development. This article aims to explain this role and provide solutions for more effective use of media capacities in the path of environmental protection and sustainable development.Keywords: Media, Culture, Environment https://www.geo2.ir/article_232907.html AbstractEducational space, especially open spaces in schools, plays an important role in the physical and psychological interaction of students. Appropriate design of these spaces, by considering stimuli appropriate to the stages of growth, can pave the way for increased vitality, motivation, and quality of learning. Vitality in school leads to the comprehensive development of students in physical, cognitive, emotional, moral, and spiritual dimensions, and neglecting any of these dimensions will prevent them from achieving full competencies. In modern education, the need for dynamic, participatory, and happy environments to develop life skills and confront the challenges of the present era is felt more than ever. Designing the school yard, as a key element in creating mobility, social interaction, and direct experience with nature, can transform the school from a purely educational space into a center for collective life and comprehensive education.Keywords: Open spaces, Vitality, Students https://www.geo2.ir/article_232908.html The role of indigenous local sports in the emergence and expansion of geographyIndigenous-local sports, as part of the cultural and social heritage of societies, are a reflection of the geographical, climatic, economic and cultural conditions of each region. These sports not only play a role in the formation of local identity, but can also be used as educational tools in recognizing the geographical characteristics of different regions. The present study, with the aim of investigating the relationship between traditional sports and geography, has analyzed how natural factors such as topography, climate, environmental resources and population distribution affect the emergence and spread of these types of sports. The findings show that many local games and sports have been formed in response to the biological, cultural and environmental needs of the people of a region, and studying them can provide a deeper understanding of human and natural geography. This article emphasizes the importance of preserving and revitalizing indigenous sports as a valuable resource for geography education and sustainable cultural development.Sports, local indigenous games. The emergence of geography https://www.geo2.ir/article_237425.html Geography education, as one of the key subjects in the educational system, plays an important role in developing students' life skills. This article aims to examine the relationship between geography education and the development of skills such as critical thinking, informed decision-making, environmental responsibility, and cultural understanding. By providing a context for understanding the natural and human environment, geography education helps students better face the challenges of everyday life and improve their social and ethical behaviors. The research method, using scientific resources and educational experiences, examined the impact of geographical concepts on students' individual and social capabilities. The findings show that effective geography education can lead to the strengthening of skills such as problem solving, effective communication, planning, and social participation.Keywords: Geography education,, Life skills, Informed decision-making