Environmental education in Iranian schools, as one of the important pillars of sustainable development, faces numerous challenges and opportunities. This systematic review was conducted by examining 45 reliable scientific sources between 2011 and 2023. The findings show that the most important structural challenges include: 1) lack of coherence in curriculum planning and dispersion of environmental concepts in different subjects, 2) lack of appropriate educational infrastructure such as specialized laboratories and educational green spaces, and 3) weakness in the system for evaluating the effectiveness of education. In terms of content, being content-centric instead of skill-centric and the lack of connection of concepts with local issues are other limitations. In contrast, significant opportunities include: 1) legal capacities such as the Fundamental Transformation of Education Document, 2) successful experiences of nature schools and green schools, and 3) the possibility of using digital technologies in education. This research, using the qualitative content analysis method of the sources, suggests operational solutions such as designing an integrated student environmental monitoring system and establishing a network of environmental pilot schools. The findings indicate that the combination of the three elements of "theoretical knowledge-practical skills-social responsibility" can create a qualitative transformation in this field.